Neuronal Signaling: July 2012

Thursday, July 19, 2012

Cyclic lipopeptide profile of three Bacillus subtilis strains; antagonists of Fusarium head blight.

Cyclic lipopeptide profile of three Bacillus subtilis strains; antagonists of Fusarium head blight.
J Microbiol. 2011 Aug;49(4):603-9
Authors: Dunlap CA, Schisler DA, Price NP, Vaughn SF
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the lipopetides associated with three Bacillus subtilis strains. The strains are antagonists of Gibberella zeae, and have been shown to be effective in reducing Fusarium head blight in wheat. The lipopeptide profile of three B. subtilis strains (AS43.3, AS43.4, and OH131.1) was determined using mass spectroscopy. Strains AS43.3 and AS43.4 produced the anti-fungal lipopeptides from the iturin and fengycin family during the stationary growth phase. All three strains produced the lipopeptide surfactin at different growth times. Strain OH131.1 only produced surfactin under these conditions. The antifungal activity of the culture supernatant and individual lipopeptides was determined by the inhibition of G. zeae. Cell-free supernatant from strains AS43.3 and AS43.4 demonstrated strong antibiosis of G. zeae, while strain OH131.1 had no antibiosis activity. These results suggest a different mechanism of antagonism for strain OH131.1, relative to AS43.3 and AS43.4.

PMID: 21887643 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
custom peptide synthesis cost antigenic peptides antigen peptide

p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Vemurafenib was expressed as dry cell weight as reported previously

Sorbitol was established by substantial functionality liquid chromatography equipped with an amino column and a differential refractive index detector. The injection volume was twenty lL and the column temperature was managed at 30 C. The mobile phase contained 70% acetonitrile and 30% double distilled water with a movement rate of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway one. mL/min.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of major histocompatibility complex class IIB gene of the Whitespotted bambooshark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum).
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2012 Jul 1;
Authors: Ma Q, Su YQ, Wang J, Zhuang ZM, Tang QS
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in the immune response to antigenic peptides in vertebrates. In this study, the full length of MHC IIB cDNA was isolated from the Whitespotted bambooshark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) by homology cloning, and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. As a result, the MHC IIB cDNA is 1,407�bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 831�bp encoding a protein of 276 amino acids. Furthermore, seven alleles of the complete MHC IIB ORF were detected and the variable sites were mainly located in the immunoglobulin-like (?(2)) region. Tissue distribution analysis showed that MHC IIB can be detected in all the ten tissues examined, with the highest expression in the spleen and gill. Challenge of C. plagiosum with the pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio harveyi, resulted in significant changes in the expression of MHC IIB mRNA in the three immune-related tissues (gill, liver and spleen). These results show that the MHC IIB plays an important role in response to bacterial infection in elasmobranches.

PMID: 22752338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Paclitaxel hts screening Paclitaxel Nov-Onxol

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Opioid Receptor PLK attenuates all cytochrome P450 exercise

Such a deficiency attenuates all cytochrome P450 exercise and is independent of P450 isoform. As would be expected, these knockout animals had particularly low ranges of styrene oxidizing activity in Opioid Receptor the liver whereas there was no effect of this enzyme deletion on activity in the lung.

The protein kinase Pak4 disrupts mammary acinar architecture and promotes mammary tumorigenesis.
Oncogene. 2010 Nov 4;29(44):5883-94
Authors: Liu Y, Chen N, Cui X, Zheng X, Deng L, Price S, Karantza V, Minden A
Abstract
The Pak4 serine/threonine kinase is highly expressed in many cancer cell lines and human tumors. Although several studies have addressed the role for Pak4 in transformation of fibroblasts, most human cancers are epithelial in origin. Epithelial cancers are associated not only with changes in cell growth but also with changes in the cellular organization within the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the affected tissues. In this study we used immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells (iMMECs) as a model system to study the role for Pak4 in mammary tumorigenesis. iMMECs are an excellent model system for studying breast cancer, as they can grow in 3D-epithelial cell culture, in which they form acinar structures that recapitulate in vivo mammary morphogenesis. Although Pak4 is expressed at low levels in wild-type iMMECs, it is overexpressed in response to oncogenes, such as oncogenic Ras and Her2/neu. In this study we found that overexpression of Pak4 in iMMECs leads to changes in 3D acinar architecture that are consistent with oncogenic transformation. These include decreased central acinar cell death, abrogation of lumen formation, cell polarity alterations and deregulation of acinar size and cell number. Furthermore, iMMECs overexpressing Pak4 form tumors when implanted into the fat pads of athymic mice. Our results suggest that overexpression of Pak4 triggers events that are important for the transformation of mammary epithelial cells. This is likely to be owing to the ability of Pak4 to inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival and thus subsequent uncontrolled proliferation, and to its ability to deregulate cell shape and polarity.

PMID: 20697354 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Paclitaxel Nov-Onxol high throughput screening solid phase Peptide synthesis